Compressive Data Gathering (CDG) using the combination of Compressed Sensing (CS) theory and sparse random projection for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can greatly reduce the amount of data transmitted over the network. Aiming at the unstable and unbalanced problems of the overall energy consumption of network caused by selecting the projection nodes randomly as cluster heads to collect data, two new compresseive data gathering methods of balanced projection nodes were proposed. For WSN with uniform distribution of nodes, an even clustering method based on spatial location was proposed. Firstly, the grids were evenly divided. Then, the projection nodes were selected in each grid for clustering according to the shortest distance principle. Finally, the intra-cluster data was collected by the projection nodes to the sink node for completing the data collection, so that the projection nodes were distributed evenly and the network energy consumption was balanced. For WSN with uneven distribution of nodes, an even clustering method based on node density was proposed. The locations and densities of nodes were taken into account together, for the grid with small number of nodes, the projection nodes were no longer selected, and the few nodes in the grid were allocated to the adjacent grids, which balanced the network energy and prolonged the network lifetime. The simulation results show that, compared with the random projection node method, the network lifetime of the proposed two methods is extended by more than 25%, and the number of remaining nodes can reach about 2 times in the middle stage of network running. The proposed two methods have better network connectivity and increase the overall network lifetime significantly.

In order to have a comprehensive understanding and evaluation for the Compressive Data Gathering (CDG) in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), a systematic introduction to the related research results at home and abroad so far was made. Firstly, the establishment of the frameworks of CDG and improved methods was introduced. Secondly, according to the transmission modes of WSN and Compressed Sensing (CS) theory respectively, the various methods of CDG were elaborated by classification. Then the problems of adaptation and optimization of CDG, the application of CS combined with other methods, and some examples of practical application were illustrated. Finally, the disadvantages in CDG and the development directions of CDG were pointed out.